There's some pretty nice Chef automation which Esri supports.
https://esri.github.io/arcgis-cookbook/
Esri doesn't support any Ansible solutions, to the best of my knowledge.
At my employer, we've wrapped this Chef automation with our own Ansible playbooks, i.e. we invoke Chef from Ansible. It has been a non-trivial effort.
Our playbooks include references to our own internal tooling, so our code is not suitable for sharing at this time. But we successfully standup Enterprise Esri environments at will, by running an Ansible playbook. We use Terraform to create and destroy corresponding AWS EC2 (Linux) instances prior to running that Ansible playbook.
We got a lot of paid help from Esri professional services, to get this all running.