Try the Cartographic Representation tools. I made some good looking eco-linkages arrows but not as artistic looking as you have made. I warn you that the Represention toolbar is a little tedious at best and I never did figure out how to tie anything to feature attributes.
Alternatively make them in Illustrator, export them to CAD, and then georeference the CAD drawing back into GIS. Export as shapefile/feature class and you will have vector based arrows.
Please post back if you figure out how to base these arrows on field attributes as I will soon be trying to do the same thing (different data)