When I'm trying to run any analysis tool in Portal, I always get a message dialog "Error" with no any error description.
If I run Buffer tool, I see the following message in Server logs:

And I see the following message in Portal logs:

At the same time, publishing hosted services from ArcGIS for Desktop to Portal works correctly.
ArcGIS for Server Advanced is federated with Portal and is used as hosting server, Data Store is intalled.
Platform version 10.4.1.