Thanks for the update here. This approach looks very promising but in the latest version of the Dashboard I do not seem to be able to use the function as suggested in the ESRI example.
FeatureSetByPortalItem
I'm looking in the List widget configuration. I can enable advanced formatting, and that provides access to arcade expressions. Unfortunately it does not support many functions, including FeatureSetByPortalItem (indicated in the screenshot below as "Not available"). Am I missing something or has the dashboard changed such that this no longer works?