I'm running ArcGIS Server 10.1 SP1 and Desktop 10.1 SP1 and have been getting multiple locking errors when coping features from an 9.3.1 SDE database to a file geodatabase. This occurs when doing a FeatureClassToGeodatabase_conversion.
Some of the locking errors I've seen are:
ERROR 000464: Cannot get exclusive schema lock. Either being edited or in use by another application. Failed to execute (Rename).
ERROR 000224: Cannot insert features. Failed to execute (CopyFeatures).
Sometimes I have also gotten a ""Workspace or data source is read only" when attempting to do Rename_Management only the feature I just copied with a FeatureClassToGeodatabase_conversion.
I had this happen when no other Python script is running and not desktop ArcGIS application is open (Case 1).
If I run a seperate unrelated Python script writing to a seperate File Geodatabase these errors occur more often (Case 2).
In the Case 1 example, it seems like Python thinks its finished when in fact the lock is still active (suggested by the rename error described above).