The SelectLayerByLocation_management is looking for another feature layer, just as though you used the menu items SELECT>>SELECT BY LOCATION. There is no choice for "view extent".
It seems to me that you need to get a pointer to the dataframe ie: df = arcpy.mappinglListDataFrames(mxd)[0] , then use df.extent to return the current extent.
Next, you could get a cursor on the point features, and iterate through the rows, checking if the point.x and point.y values are within the dataframe extents, and adding them to the selectionset if they are.
Adding the selected attributes to the layout is a different problem. Do you need to show the entire attribute table, or just a few columns of information?
Regards,
Jim