For ArcMap I have used VB.NET + ArcObjects to access Data Reviewer tables etc.
The SDK for ArcGIS Pro supports both C# + VB (both are .NET). However Pro coding mostly uses a lot of asynchronous methods rather than straight ArcObjects. See this useful video and walk-through
Beginning Pro Customization with focus on DAML and Customization Patterns
Build your first add-in | ArcGIS for Developers
All the examples and snippets I have found for Pro development are in C#. It seems that VB.Net is ignored.
In general you can execute any Pro command via it's id. So any manual command you could reproduce in code.
There are some things like creating and ags links that cannot be coded directly, but you can then call the esri dialog.
An incomplete example:
var commandId = "esri_projectItemAddAGSConnection";
var command = FrameworkApplication.GetPlugInWrapper(commandId) as ICommand;
if (command != null)
{
if (command.CanExecute(null))
{
command.Execute(null);
}}
The toolbox (geoprocessing) functions to do things like " Write to a Reviewer Table" e.g. Write To Reviewer Table—Data Reviewer toolbox | ArcGIS Desktop are available. In general any of the geoprocessing tasks of pro have their Python call available and these can be used in a Python Add-in or stand-alone script. I note that the inputs are often different between the ArcGIS Pro and the ArcMap Python subroutines.
Which way you go depends upon what you need to do.
Have a look at Python in ArcGIS Pro—ArcPy Get Started | ArcGIS Desktop to help you get started with Python.
