If I have ArcGIS Pro 1.4.1 open at the same time as ArcGIS for Desktop 10.3.1, any new shapefiles created in ArcMap will not be seen in the ArcGIS Pro file list. I have to save and close the ArcGIS Pro project file, exit ArcGIS Pro, and restart and reopen. Then, I can see the new shapefile.
In the Project Pane, click the three lines upper right of the UI and select refresh. You should then see the newly added shapefiles in your Folders.
Robert, will there be a way that Pro will "auto refresh"? Or will it always be a manual thing?
I can verify auto-refresh works in ArcGIS Pro 2.0 BETA.
This was explained in another thread: How to check existance of GRID raster without adding to map
For performance reasons, Pro caches items it encounters. Since Pro does not listen to events from other applications (like ArcMap/ArcCatalog) or the OS, locations where data has been altered outside of Pro need to be refreshed within Pro to account for any changes.
We intended to have Pro listen to OS events in a future release.