'Challenge' 1:import arcpy
arcpy.env.workspace = r'C:\Project\999999\myFGDB.gdb'  # example FileGeodatabase as workspace
arcpy.env.workspace = r'C:\Project\999999\mySHPfolder'  # example folder (with shapefiles) as workspace
fclasses = arcpy.ListFeatureClasses()
for fclass in fclasses:
    fctype = arcpy.Describe(fclass).shapeType
    print "{0} is a {1} feature class".format(fclass, fctype)
'Challenge' 2:import arcpy, os
arcpy.env.workspace = r'C:\Project\999999\mySHPfolder'
fclasses = arcpy.ListFeatureClasses()
out_ws_all = r'C:\Project\999999\test_all.gdb'
out_ws_pol = r'C:\Project\999999\test_pol.gdb'
for fclass in fclasses:
    fctype = arcpy.Describe(fclass).shapeType
    newname = fclass
    if newname[-4:].upper() == ".SHP":
        newname = newname[:-4] # trim the .shp extension from the name
    out_fc = os.path.join(out_ws_all, fclass)
    arcpy.CopyFeatures_management(fclass, out_fc)
    if fctype == 'Polygon':
        out_fc = os.path.join(out_ws_pol, fclass)
        arcpy.CopyFeatures_management(fclass, out_fc)
Kind regards,Xander