What is the complete Version of the Underlying database? (Example: Oracle 11.2.0.4 \ SQL Server 2012 SP1 \ PostgreSQL 9.x.x)
Also check the below applicable Compatibility Web-Help links:
Compatibility when connecting directly from ArcGIS clients to geodatabases in SQL Server
The underlying DBMS must be SQL Server 2008 or 2008R2.
Compatibility when connecting directly from ArcGIS clients to geodatabases in Oracle
The underlying DBMS must be Oracle 10g R2 or 11g. See the ArcGIS 10 system requirements for supported versions.
Compatibility when connecting directly from ArcGIS clients to geodatabases in PostgreSQL
The underlying DBMS must be PostgreSQL 9.0.5. If using PostGIS geometry, you must use PostGIS 1.5.1.