Are you wanting to generate these diagrams in ArcMap or ArcPro? In the world of ArcMap, you should be looking at the ArcGIS Schematics extension. If you don't already have it, I'm not sure that you can license it at this point. ArcGIS Pro with an Advanced Editor license implements this using Network diagrams—ArcGIS Pro | Documentation . Note that this documentation can be confusing because it is a subset of what is available in ArcGIS Utility Networks, however, the basic functionality does not require UN.
There are a few steps that include creating a trace network, creating a network diagram, then applying an diagram layout where your geographic lines are converted to straight lines based on rules.
I realize that's very high level, but hopefully it gets you pointed in a helpful direction.