EDIT: Writing this post gave me the mental clarity to look at libraries outside of ESRI, such did not occur to me at the time. I'd delete this post as I have solved this problem, but I can't seem to delete it. For any others who it may benefit, turns out there are a whole bunch of options from other providers to interact with File Geodatabases, and exporting to GeoJSON to work with them is easy with AGOL's REST.
Hopefully I'm not duplicating anything that isn't shared anywhere (and hopefully its in the right section), but I am running into a problem with the tool we've been developing. We have a tool that pulls data from Sharepoint into an AGOL layer and vice versa, and I was looking to add functionality to also allow us to pull the layer data and write it to a File Geodatabase for local evaluation and archival purposes. While I thought this would be the simple part of the project, it has caused me more grief than expected.
As this is a server program, I do not want to use ArcGIS Pro extensions to do the job as they should all be automated according to our tool, although if there is a way to accomplish these unmanaged edits without an active login that would be good to know.
I know next to nothing about Enterprise and ArcGIS Server, but I did run across it, but it seemed that from my readings it wouldn't do the task I want it to here, as its more of a replacement for AGOL. My firm is currently content with their local and online split data, so I do not think this is the solution we are looking for (although I would appreciate any enlightenment if my understanding is faulty). I saw that it can process tools, but I don't see any easy way to get my AGOL data into the set of data that it can process, I saw the same difficulty with using the Local Server in the various SDKs, my problem is putting data in, while these all alter or use data that they already have (and in the case of the SDKs I looked at, looks like they only handle mobile geodatabases, which doesn't work for me either).
The last solution I've run across is a python script, which at least I'm pretty sure will work, but it is not ideal as the server application is written in Java and I'd rather have everything all in the same language (Although I can already see this will likely not be possible haha). I saw some discourse about a library named 'fiona', but I am still unfamiliar with the python side of ArcGIS, having used more of the Arcade stuff with Pro and AGOL.
In essence, I am looking for any guidance or information whatsoever, whatever you think is relevant. I suspect that a python solution is the way to go forward, in which case I would like some assistance looking into that, but if I have somehow missed an opportunity or misunderstood one of the earlier two cases, I would love some education in those matters. Or if I posted in the wrong community, that would be good to know as well.