If you can select-by-attribute in ArcMap (without using the advanced pre-VBA code option) and select only the records in the temporary database that you want to restore, then you should be able to use ArcCatalog to right-click on the Featureclass, and 'Load' > 'Load data', then use the option to 'Load only the features that satisfy a query'.
That will work, as long as the featureclass doesn't participate in an attributed or manay-to-many relationship class