Polygon data is getting created from SDO object to ST geometry with 14 decimal precision as SDE featureclass and when export SDE feature class into A featureclass in FGDB, after 12 digits, numbers are getting added for 13th and 14th digits though 13th and 14 digits are 0's in SDE featureclass.
This is expected floating-point behavior. Oracle ST_Geometry stores coordinates in double precision, and when exporting to a File Geodatabase ArcGIS writes out the full double value so extra digits may appear past the 12th decimal. It’s not data corruption. If you need fixed precision, round the coordinates on export (e.g., to 12 decimals) using Python/ArcPy or a geoprocessing workflow.