There's no need to prove that AGS 9.3.1 can't connect to ArcSDE 10.0 -- It can't.
Upgrading a 9.3.1 instance eliminates over a dozen normalized GDB_* tables, replacing them
with the new XML-based denormalized dictionary. While 9.3.1 'C' API clients *can* connect to
10.0 servers, geodatabase-aware applications (like Desktop, AGS, Python,...) can't.
The usual upgrade procedure is to roll out ArcGIS 10.0 clients, which can connect to either
ArcSDE 9.3 or 10.0, and once all your apps are 10.0 ready, upgrade ArcSDE to 10.0.
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