Hi,
just let me add some things to Alexanders good posting. First, you describe three problems in one thread. For the sake of simplicity, open one thread per problem.
1) The normal approach is to create a feature layer and set the feature class as data source of the layer. By setting a definition query, you can filter out some features based on a SQL query.
Here are some steps to write the desired code:
Create an FeatureLayer object using the new keyword, cast to IFeatureLayer interface.
Open the feature class from your SDE workspace and set it to the FeatureClass property of the created IFeatureLayer object.
Cast the IFeatureLayer object to IFeatureLayerDefinition and set the desired Definition Query by using the DefinitionExpression property.
You can then add the IFeatureLayer object to the FocusMap.
3) Do you want to access the geometry of the feature class? The geometry of a feature class (a point, a line, a polygon, ...) can be retrieved by the Shape property of the IFeature class. When you open a feature class from an Oracle SDE workspace, the Shape could be stored in the geodatabase using the SDO_Geometry format. In ArcObjects, you are normally not interested of the exact format type.
Second note: When you read the Shape property, you get an object of type IGeometry. You would normally cast it to the corresponding geometry class, eg IPoint, IPolyLine, IPolygon ...
I hope this helps. Best regards, Stefan