sylvain.kerdreux.
does the generated mxd file contain invalid layers or are there no layers in it.
If there are no layers in it, that means that either the server couldn't access the lyr-files or the layer was invalid.
Could you post the server.log from ArcGIS Server in verbose log?. The reason should be written in it.
If ther are layers in it but they aren't displayed, please add the manually and check the difference between them in the properties.
Tom
ERROR unable to add mapservice layers for :http://vm-geotest/arcgis/rest/services/Fond_de_plan/MapServer 2011-09-07 11:04:04 layout.MapServer VM-GEOTEST INFO3 addAGSMapServiceByLayerFile.agsMapServiceLayerUrl = http://vm-geotest/arcgis/rest/services/Fond_de_plan/MapServer?f=lyr&v=9.3 2011-09-07 11:04:04 layout.MapServer VM-GEOTEST ERROR AutomationException: One or more arguments are invalid 2011-09-07 11:04:04 layout.MapServer VM-GEOTEST INFO3 mapService: http://vm-geotest/arcgis/rest/services/Fond_de_plan/MapServer 2011-09-07 11:04:04 layout.MapServer VM-GEOTEST