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Hi Pawan Thapa , thanks for sharing the data.
This is what I have come up with. Part of the process was done manually, but a large part of that can be easily automated.
Since the raster data did not have any spatial reference defined I simply assigned one, although it will probably not be the correct one.
I created 2 featureclasses; one with the outlet of the network (red point) and one with some of the inlets (green points):
Then I took your flowdir raster and created a new raster called cost that simply has value 1 where the rivers are defined and NoData for all the other pixels. Python snippet:
arcpy.gp.RasterCalculator_sa('Con("flowdir", 1)', "C:/GeoNet/DEMstreams/test.gdb/cost")Next I used this raster in a Cost Distance calculation to generate a cost distance and backlink raster. Python snippet:
arcpy.gp.CostDistance_sa("outlet", "cost", "C:/GeoNet/DEMstreams/test.gdb/CostDist", "", "C:/GeoNet/DEMstreams/test.gdb/Backlink", "", "", "", "", "")The following step was a Cost Path on a single inlet to obtain the route from the inlet to the outlet. Python snippet:
arcpy.gp.CostPath_sa("inlets", "CostDist", "Backlink", "C:/GeoNet/DEMstreams/test.gdb/CostPath_oid01", "EACH_CELL", "OBJECTID")This raster I converted to vector to get the line (not applying simplification):
arcpy.RasterToPolyline_conversion(in_raster="CostPath_oid01", out_polyline_features="C:/GeoNet/DEMstreams/test.gdb/path_oid01a", background_value="ZERO", minimum_dangle_length="0", simplify="NO_SIMPLIFY", raster_field="Value")The resulting featureclass has two features and the one with the longest length (OID=2) is the one we need. However, the data does not have any z values, so I added them with the Interpolate shape 3D tool. Python snippet:
arcpy.InterpolateShape_3d(in_surface="rivdem", in_feature_class="path_oid01a", out_feature_class="C:/GeoNet/DEMstreams/test.gdb/path_oid01a_3d", sample_distance="", z_factor="1", method="BILINEAR", vertices_only="VERTICES_ONLY", pyramid_level_resolution="0")Now we have a line that has z values and we are ready to start the process. The next part is to evaluate each of the vertices of the line and find the corresponding point 1, 2 or 5 km further along the river and compare the heights. For this I created the following code:
def main():
import arcpy
import os
arcpy.env.overwriteOutput = True
fc = r'C:\GeoNet\DEMstreams\test.gdb\path_oid01a_3d'
oid_line = 2
fc_out = r'C:\GeoNet\DEMstreams\test.gdb\result_v05'
# output fields
fld_ed1km = "ElevationDrop1km"
fld_ed2km = "ElevationDrop2km"
fld_ed5km = "ElevationDrop5km"
# create output fc
sr = arcpy.Describe(fc).spatialReference
ws, fc_name = os.path.split(fc_out)
arcpy.CreateFeatureclass_management(ws, fc_name, "POINT", None, "ENABLED", "ENABLED", sr)
# add fields
arcpy.AddField_management(fc_out, fld_ed1km, "DOUBLE")
arcpy.AddField_management(fc_out, fld_ed2km, "DOUBLE")
arcpy.AddField_management(fc_out, fld_ed5km, "DOUBLE")
# create list M,Z for easy data access
lst_mz = []
fld_oid = arcpy.Describe(fc).OIDFieldName
where = "{0} = {1}".format(fld_oid, oid_line)
polyline = arcpy.da.SearchCursor(fc, ('SHAPE@'), where).next()[0]
for part in polyline:
for pnt in part:
m = polyline.measureOnLine(pnt, False)
z = pnt.Z
lst_mz.append([m, z, pnt]) #
print "Records to process:", len(lst_mz)
## print lst_mz
## exit("bailing out...")
# start insert cursor
flds = ('SHAPE@', fld_ed1km, fld_ed2km, fld_ed5km)
with arcpy.da.InsertCursor(fc_out, flds) as curs:
# evaluate each point
cnt = 0
for lst in lst_mz:
cnt += 1
if cnt % 10 == 0:
print "Processing vertex: ", cnt, drop_1km, drop_2km, drop_5km
m = lst[0]
z = lst[1]
pnt = lst[2]
drop_1km = GetDropatM(lst_mz, z, m + 1000, cnt - 1)
drop_2km = GetDropatM(lst_mz, z, m + 2000, cnt - 1)
drop_5km = GetDropatM(lst_mz, z, m + 5000, cnt - 1)
pntg = arcpy.PointGeometry(arcpy.Point(pnt.X, pnt.Y, z, m), sr)
curs.insertRow((pntg, drop_1km, drop_2km, drop_5km, ))
def GetDropatM(lst_mz, z, m_search, i_init):
# first find the points nearest to given m value (m_search)
index = i_init
m = 0
ok = True
while m < m_search:
if index < len(lst_mz):
lst = lst_mz[index]
m = lst[0]
index += 1
else:
# no value available
ok = False
break
if ok:
m_start = lst_mz[index - 2][0]
m_end = lst_mz[index - 1][0]
# print "M:", m_search, m_start, m_end
z_start = lst_mz[index - 2][1]
z_end = lst_mz[index - 1][1]
# print "Z:", z, z_start, z_end
z_search = (m_search - m_start) / (m_end - m_start) * z_start + (m_end - m_search) / (m_end - m_start) * z_end
return z - z_search
else:
return None
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()The result is a featureclass with all the vertices and for each vertice the drop at 1, 2 and 5 km is calculated. The result displayed using the drop in 5 km field:
Drop at 1km:
Could you share a sample of your data (DEM and the flows as lines)? I wonder what can be done with some scripting. It won't be avenue, since I left that behind me a long time ago (just like AML and ArcObjects) 
