Hey Kory - thanks for finding that idea for me. My searching skills were a little sub-par today Glad it's not just me with this problem or a similar one. Though after some further testing, I think they are two separate problems. One is with domains not refreshing after using the 'Table to Domain' tool, the second being domains not updating using 'Import XML Workspace Document' on an existing fgdb w/ existing domains.
1. Yes, I have opened and closed Domains View. Same behavior.
2. Yes, there are map layers that have the fgdb as the data source. And when I use those layers, they do not respect the changes. For example, I just created symbology from an updated domain and it used the old values.
3. If I open a new instance of Pro, no map, add that fgdb as one of the project's databases, Domains View still shows the 'cached' domains. This had the existing instance of Pro open with my original project w/ the map.
I also closed all instances of Pro, and repeated # 3 above. Same behavior.
I was wrong in my initial post, when I export back to xml, the changes are not reflected.
I tried 'import XML workspace document' in ArcCatalog as well and it complains that there are existing feature classes and wants to create duplicates of everything appended w/ '_1'. It doesn't seem to have a problem with domains. Pro gives a warning that everything will be overwritten, but it appears it's not overwriting the domains. It does update any attribute changes that I make.
All of this leads me to believ that the 'Import XML Workspace Document' tool is not overwriting the existing fgdb even though the warning says it will do that. I think my workaround will be just to write a python script that deletes all layers, tables, then domains, and then imports the xml workspace document.
The help for the 'Import XML Workspace Document' mentions overwriting and I have that checked in options. Maybe this is expected behavior, but it would be nice to have some feedback letting the user know that existing domains will not be updated, but attributes will.
My workaround is to use a python script that deletes all layers, tables, then domains, and then imports the xml workspace document. Works like a charm and keeps me from having to update the source of layers to a new fgdb every time I make changes.