You might look through this thread to see if it helps: https://community.esri.com/thread/158013
It looks like if you follow the https://communityhub.esriuk.com/geoxchange/2014/7/11/using-google-docs-in-your-arcgis-online-maps.ht... workflow, then open that map in Pro, you can, in a roundabout hokey way. I wish ESRI was more accommodating of non-ESRI data platforms as live data sources, for example, in Carto....
Which allows real-time syncing with the source platform. I have several real-time connections in Carto to AGOL. That thread also mentions use of the Google Drive app, which treats your D drive as a mapped drive, but more organizations block that as it's a "security hole".