With my basic level license for ArcGIS Pro - could I connect to Microsoft Access database and create a feature layer service that references the data tables within Microsoft Access? The end goal would be to use the data tables and extract XY points to the map, that I would then publish to ArcGis Online to create a crime map dashboard
Unfortunately you cannot connect to a Personal Geodatabase with ArcGIS Pro.
If you have ArcCatalog you could import the features and tables into a File Geodatabase and use them.