I want to import a shapefile to my PostGIS Database (Postgres) using ArcGIS Pro, as QGIS does with Database Manager.
Oh wait a minute, this is up on Azure? That may be different! I certainly haven't tried it.
Yes, it is on Azure. Why do you think it may be different?
Fear of the unknown ;-). It may have a different transport technology for one thing. Basically, the PostGIS spatial types should work when creating simple features without requiring geodatabase functionality, including at the Basic license level. There are very few people in the office now, so to get to the bottom of it please open a support call.
Irene
I am corrected by a colleague that Pro Basic cannot create datasets in a database:
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/help/data/databases/create-new-data-in-a-database.htm