Currently, attribute rules set in ArcGIS Pro will not carry through to a replica mobile geodatabase.
The Bavarian State Forest Enterprise is requesting this enhancement for their new forest facility:
They need to edit feature services while working offline. There the defined attributes rules (carried through from ArcGIS Pro to Portal for ArcGIS and then to the replica mobile geodatabase) are necessary for maintaining validation.
Also see the pending enhancement request ENH-000138327.
The Baden-Württemberg State Forestry Administration also needs this enhancement. The technology also makes sense for us.