In ArcMap, on the table of contents window, you can list data by source. From there, you can remove data from the TOC at the source level and remove all of the data from that data source.
This functionality is not available in Pro (at least at version 2.6.2). Being able to remove data from a TOC in batch via the same source without having to highlight all the layers would be a good addition to bring over from ArcMap.
