ArcGIS Pro 2.9.5
Idea: Right-click a layer in the Contents pane and choose a Rename (Alias) option to rename the feature layer. Similar to right-clicking a file in Windows Explorer and hitting Rename.
I'm aware that there are other ways to rename a feature layer, such as keyboard shortcuts, slow clicking, or in the properties. But my intuition after renaming in other areas like the Catalog pane is to simply right-click and hit Rename.