I am having a similar problem....
I have a hosted feature service with related tables that include subtypes and domains. Said subtypes and domains work when editing in AGOL and in Collector, but when opening that same table in Pro there are no domains available. This is the case both in the attributes table and the attributes tool. The only work around I can think of is getting rid of subtypes, but that would create a 70+ domain value list.... not ideal.
If it is a stand alone table and not a feature class, is there a way to set unique value renderer? Could you explain what you mean by setting the TypeID? Do you mean setting the Field Value Type?
Did I find a bug, or am I missing something?