For web development, Flex and Silverlight have their own customizable template applications but javascript does not. ESRI basically points to the arcgis.com templates as the equivalent for javascript. Of course, there are several configurable template options and these can serve as a good starting point for application development.
What I think is missing is some useful documentation about the templates, how the code is structured and organized, and most importantly, how to customize it. I'd like to see examples of how to modify the user interface, add widgets, customize existing interface elements, etc... Maybe a series of blog posts. Definitely more extensive info in readme files and comments in code, etc...
Thanks