Normally, ESRI allows users to alter/customize legend item descriptions but I've discovered that the chart element in a pop up (new map viewer) will not- it takes the label from the field name specified when constructing the chart.
Normally, this would probably be fine but I ran into a situation where I had a series of Arcade fields for a layer (aggregating census data in different ways) and I had to give the Arcade calculation the same name in order for the label that appears when hovering over the chart to say what I want-

In the screenshot above, expressions 10-13 provide a percentage number back for the popup but expressions 14-17 provide a total number count (which the pie chart uses as input). As the chart element is currently implemented, it draws on the Arcade expression name provided and there isn't a way to change this other than renaming the expression as I have done above.
This just invites confusion for people maintaining applications, even if documented.