I seem to be seeing the same issue when choosing the option to create a new survey within the Widget. I tried maps with a range of data types, including ArcGIS Server rest services + hosted feature services in our Portal, both polygons and points, but same thing. I can select the field from the layer, but not the linked survey question to populate. This is Enterprise 10.8.1.
@KeithGerhartz1 would you mind sharing at what version you were successful when creating a new survey? Thank you!