Has anyone implemented such a setup, or is there a recommended way to achieve this?
https://doc.arcgis.com/en/dashboards/latest/create-and-share/url-parameters.htm
This can be accomplished by setting up URL parameters in the Dashboard and using the Embed Widget in Experience Builder to Connect To Data and build a URL filter for the Dashboard.
This post should be helpful in getting the two programs to work together and according to my old comments over there, you may need to use the Select Widget as a Filter Widget replacement.