We set up an image server on our ArcGIS Enterprise and we aren't able to see Layer type 'Imagery' from 'Share as Web Layer' . We are still able to publish as a map image and we can go to the Web interface and add imagery through 'New Item', but can't do so through ArcGIS Pro.
Are you sharing from the Catalog?
Web imagery layers are shared from the Catalog pane, not the Contents pane nor the Share tab on the main ribbon.
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/help/sharing/overview/web-image-layer.htm