I am trying to draw the results of a geoprocessing service with a given symbology. After I run the tool, I set the result layer to the given symbology. After sharing as a Geoprocessing Service, the result after the service is run does not contain the symbology. Am I missing a step somewhere?
It is.
See this doc:
Geoprocessing service settings: Parameters—Documentation | Documentation for ArcGIS Enterprise
If your output layer is drawing unique values, you might need to uncheck <all other values> in the layer properties to force recalculation of the unique values prior to drawing. See Creating a layer symbology file for more details.
https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/analyze/modelbuilder/creating-a-layer-symbology-file.htm
If you want the client to only view the data and not be able to download data, set the Maximum Number of Records Returned by Server option to 0 (zero) when publishing.
Note:
A result map service can only be used when the service is set to be Asynchronous.
and these docs:
Result map services in REST applications—Documentation | Documentation for ArcGIS Enterprise