I believe this could be an issue with Google Chrome, not with Portal for ArcGIS.
e.g. My hits on the Esri Community is very high, which redirects me for my logins multiple times a day. Also clicking on an external link also redirects to an external webpage. As a result, I have been receiving this error message a few times in the last month.
Portal for ArcGIS might also be redirecting the webpage for logins and other activities, which could lead to this error in Chrome.
Unfortunately, I haven't found a solution rather than clearing the cookies (or opening the Portal for ArcGIS in incognito mode). We might get a solution soon if Google treats it as a bug rather than a feature.
Think Location