There's no official support for accessing SQL Server Database using ArcGIS for Server (Linux). We could successfully establish a connection using the Microsoft SQL Server Native Client 11.0 (http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=28160) and the LIB_ODBC_DRIVER_MANAGER variable. The Map Service was sucessfully displayed. All geometries and data were displayed within the map.
ESRI could make it official.
