Having had trouble with a similar problem, here's what solved it for me. It seems if you aren't getting the option for the collect button on your phone there are a couple of things to look for:
- Only seems to work for point layers, not polygons or lines
- Also seems that your arcgis online map must have a layer that is a "feature service".
- that feature service layer must also be editable. You can adjust this by a check box, click on my content, select the feature layer in question, click on edit, scroll down to the check box to make it editable. Make sure to save after checking the box.
Accounting for the above three things solved the problem for me. The work flows online and in arcuser had lots of detail but didn't mention the editable step. The arcuser magazine workflow really didn't seem to work for me as it wants you to publish a service which requires arc server (as far as I can tell) despite saying you don't need it.
