Pleae refer to this blog post about troubleshooting blank layers: http://blogs.esri.com/Dev/blogs/silverlightwpf/archive/2009/08/24/Troubleshooting-blank-layers.aspx
Could you share some code on how the layers are added to your map as well?
The fiddler results that you copied and pasted does not really tell us much. I don't think it captured the web requests. When I copied your code to a new SL app, run Fiddler before running the sample app, I get a very different fiddler result than yours. Kindly see attached I highlighted the requests you should expect with the code that you shared in post# 6.