This post is a stepping stone between the ETL Patterns community space and Esri's Well-Architected Framework site, where theory becomes practical advice on how to implement the ArcGIS system.
Specifically, this document relates to the integration pillar Data Pipelines and ETLs topic. If you browse the topic you'll see many ETL patterns described, but as the architecture site isn't designed as a software repository, the patterns link back to this community for samples you can explore and implement.
To build the content, the document attached to this post, and shown below, was constructed. It is a tabular summary of ETL modalities across ArcGIS. You will likely have your own experience to draw upon and disagree with the software suggestions, if so please comment in this post! We hope to keep this "framework" under construction with the involvement of everyone.
Inbound ETL Patterns