Unless a new ArcGIS Server SDK becomes available, one must extend server side logic using ArcObjects. Because ArcObjects are COM-based, if you really want to get the maximum performance in your fine-grained logic, you need to build it using C++. In this presentation, I'll show how to add a native DLL to a .NET Server Object Extension, and debug it in Visual Studio 2013. I'll also give tips on optimizing the performance of returned feature sets such as custom geometric network trace results.
I'll try turn this into a lightning talk.
I had a great time presenting this (before I caught an annoying bit of bronchitis for the rest of the DevSummit). Here's a link to everything: http://www.pierssen.com/arcgis10/server.htm