As I also wrote for Sean Hlousek, your results regarding the desktop versus your laptop hardly seeing a difference in Pro's performance may not be an entire surprise...
Unfortunately, the laws of physics and practicality dictate that increasing single thread performance, which is largely dependent on increased clock speeds, is increasingly difficult. Read this nice article to understand why:
Why CPU Clock Speed Isn't Increasing - Make Tech Easier
Writing software to take advantage of multiple cores is certainly possible, but there are many tasks that simply must run in single thread, also related to the software's user interface. Those won't take advantage of increased core count. As you can see from these stats from the Passmark website, your Intel Xeon E5-2687W v4 (Intel® Xeon® Processor E5-2687W v4 (30M Cache, 3.00 GHz) Product Specifications ) launched in 2016 has a single thread performance slightly less than the five years older desktop Core i7-2600 CPU from 2011, which itself is hardly beaten by a Core i7-7700HQ laptop processor as launched in 2017:
Intel Core i7-2600 - Multi-thread stat:8180 / Single-thread:1922, launch year 2011
Intel Core i7-7700HQ - Multi-thread stat:8761 / Single-thread:1991, launch year 2017
Intel Xeon E5-2687W v4 - Multi-thread stat:19863 / Single-thread:1894, launch year 2016
Your Intel Xeon E5-2687W v4 processor with its many cores, does have quite attractive multi-core performance though ... More than double than my own laptop with Intel Core i7-7700HQ. Any geoprocessing tool using the Parallel Processing Factor geoprocessing environment setting, should run really nicely on your machine!
Even more attractive seems the new AMD Ryzen ThreadRipper 3970X:
AMD Ryzen ThreadRipper 3970X - Multi-thread stat:48439 / Single-thread:2935, launch year 2019
But even this monster 32-core 7nm processor only has about 1.5 times the single thread performance of a nine year old Core i7 CPU based on 32nm process die...