I'm using ArcGIS Pro 2.3.3 and I can confirm that applying updates to domains on a SQL Server EGDB crashes Pro. No warning either...
Here is the Windows application event text:
Faulting application name: ArcGISPro.exe, version: 2.3.3.15900, time stamp: 0x5cd9c841
Faulting module name: ucrtbase.dll, version: 10.0.17763.404, time stamp: 0x490b0aeb
Exception code: 0xc0000409
Fault offset: 0x000000000006e91e
Faulting process id: 0x6dc
Faulting application start time: 0x01d51b30c8dd1037
Faulting application path: C:\ArcGIS\Pro\bin\ArcGISPro.exe
Faulting module path: C:\windows\System32\ucrtbase.dll
Report Id: c7378570-6217-4e0a-9ced-253661a3505e
Faulting package full name:
Faulting package-relative application ID: