ArcMap used .mxd (map document files). This contain one or more data frames (maps) and a layout.
An .aprx file is an ArcGIS Pro Project file. It can contain several maps (somewhat equivalent to data frames). But it can also contain several layouts, scenes and many other items unique to ArcGIS Pro.
So ArcGIS Pro works with 'projects'. A one stop shop for all your spatial work on a project. Where ArcMap would use several mxds.
You can import .mxds into ArcGIS Pro and it will do its best to convert them to maps and layouts within the project.
I would recommend looking at Migrating from ArcMap to ArcGIS Pro resources:
https://learn.arcgis.com/en/projects/migrate-from-arcmap-to-arcgis-pro/
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/get-started/migrate-to-arcgis-pro.htm