There is this Esri Community post here - Layer Properties Freeze ArcGIS Pro - that "may" explain what's happening.
Other things to consider:
Try these steps (in order). This symptom is commonly caused by a corrupted UI state/profile, GPU/WPF rendering/driver issues, or a problem layer type that makes the Properties dialog hang.
1) Reset the Pro pane/layout UI - In ArcGIS Pro: View tab → Reset Panes → Reset Panes for Mapping (Default) (or Reset Panes for Editing).
2) Do an ArcGIS Pro “soft reset” (rebuilds your Pro user profile)- this often resolves “a specific dialog/pane freezes Pro” even after reinstall, because reinstall doesn’t always clear the per-user profile. Perform an ArcGIS pro Soft Reset
3) Rule out GPU/WPF rendering issues - Update your GPU driver (ideally from the GPU manufacturer; for laptops sometimes the laptop OEM). If it continues, consider disabling WPF hardware rendering using Esri’s registry-key guidance (advanced).
4) Check whether it’s project-wide or layer-specific - Does it freeze on every layer (including a new shapefile/feature class in a brand-new blank project), or only certain layers (for example, very large rasters)?
