Then why do all the examples for joining and enabling time lead you to believe this is possible? I know this post is AGOL specific but the documentation does not seem to work on desktop either, and if it doesn't work there its unlikely AGOL will offer anything more
The current documentation is the same as the past one referred to above
Temporal data in separate tables—Help | ArcGIS for Desktop
I have seen this same example referenced back to 2010. Also, there was mention that creating a query table could do the same thing but that is not possible either since you cannot mix feature classes and tables to create a query table.
So, what is the way to enable time on a feature class if you have more than record per feature (many to one)?