I had some time to figure out where I went wrong on this.
Originally I published an editable layer from ArcMap and then loaded it into an AGOL map. I enabled attachements from AGOL and did my field test collection. Bring it back into ArcMap and create a local copy for edit and no attachments are there.
If you set up attachments in ArcCatalog and then publish it you will get your attachments when you bring it back in. Now you still have to go into each record to download them, but you also get the table with their name, which matches the name in the mobile device, so if you end up with hundreds of photos you can pull them off the device, then join the table to the shapefile and field calculate out their new location.
Probably too gauche to give myself an 'answer.'