Hey Sarah! Another user might have more insight into this but I just did some quick testing and if you're using the map notes to create the polygons then I'm not familiar with a way to easily calculate the area from that. '
However, if these were features created in ArcGIS Pro or ArcMap and then published to ArcGIS Online you're students could calculate the area with the attribute table (this is of course is reliant on how much of our software outside of ArcGIS Online that the students are familiar with).
Just my two cents! I hope your activity goes well!
EDIT: I wanted to include this article in case it is helpful to you - FAQ: Is it possible to calculate area in ArcGIS Online?