Is it possible to create a field that is updated based on another field whenever the data is changed? For example if the newly created field is populated based on filtering another field but whenever something is added or edit in that field it would automatically add/edit that data too? If arcade is used to calculate the field once, it seems to be staying stable whenever the field its dependent on being modified, it still keeps old data.
Using Arcade expressions in the form definition is currently the only way to do this in ArcGIS Online, so you'll have to keep using that. If you're working in ArcGIS Pro or registered EGDB data through Enterprise then you also get access to Attribute Rules, which runs the same Arcade calculations at the geodatabase level with some additional options.