There used to be a download at the California Spatial Information Library (CASIL) for the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) "aka Township, Section, and Range data", but that site has now been rolled into the State of California Geoportal, which is a bit harder to navigate to find data. I did a quick look and found some data for specific counties, but didn't run across the statewide layer, though it is probably there. Also, one thing to look out for, the data is often in California Teal Albers projection, so don't be surprised by that if you are not familiar with California State datasets.
Geoportal
Another option is the Bureau of Land Management. I've used their PLSS data in California before.
http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=0648d4cc4f234180bd39eaa352f99331
Chris Donohue, GISP