Schema changes require unregistering the replication or disabling sync. Is there any workaround to adding a new layer to a service and have the the collaboration update.
My main issue is losing the itemid associated with the collaborated item in AGO.
You'll want to test this to be sure, but in my environment the item ID's match between ArcGIS Enterprise and ArcGIS Online. I've also gone through the process of unregistering a replica and re-adding it to a distribution and the "new" item kept the same item ID.