It is better to have department information for user account in ArcGIS portal. A lot of times we need to get all users information, which need to know the user belong to which department.
Would setting up Member Categories work for you?
https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/portal/11.1/administer/windows/manage-members.htm#:~:text=own%20email%20address.-,Categorize%20members,-As%20an%20administrator
You can also try using admin groups that will group members based on their department group in Active Directory, LDAP, SAML, etc.
https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/portal/latest/use/create-groups.htm#:~:text=to%20the%20group.-,Link%20Active%20Directory%2C%20LDAP%2C%20or%20SAML%20groups%20from%20an%20IdP,-Note%3A
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