I'm having difficulty publishing any services to my ArcGIS Portal when the data does not reside in an enterprise geodatabase.
For a simplistic test I created a new project in ArcGIS pro, added a single feature class to the file geodatabase, and spotted three point features on the map. I then tried to publish a web layer with the following settings:

The publish processing tool always successfully uploads a service definition to the portal but fails to publish the service itself. In the midst of publishing, I can see a feature service appear in my Portal but it then vanishes once the process fails out. My ArcGIS Server captures the following logs:

My ArcGIS Server license is valid until 09/05/2025.
ArcGIS Pro logs the following information:
- StatusMessage: ERROR 001369: Failed to create the service. Failed to execute (PublishServiceDefinition). ERROR 001369: Failed to create the service. Failed to execute (PublishServiceDefinition). Failed to execute (Publish Portal Service). Failed.
StatusMessage: Publishing web layer failed (AGO) - StatusMessage: Server Response: {"error":{"code":404,"message":"Service Hosted/Test_Publish/MapServer not found ","details":[]}}
- StatusMessage: Server Response: ERROR: code:404, Service Hosted/Test_Publish/MapServer not found , No resource could be found at that address.
- Status: InProgress StatusMessage: Publishing tool execution failed
- Status: Failed ErrorMessage: Failed to publish web layer
I have a v10.9.1 and v11.0 ArcGIS Enterprises that I tried to publish this on without any success.
Has anyone encountered similar issues and found a solution? Any help is greatly appreciated.